Pharma Image Information Extraction Using Image Processing

In order to obtain better recovery and avoid any side effects it is critical that the patient should take correct medicine for the illness they are suffering with. It is important that the medicine that is taken should produce the maximum benefit for the person. This is the very important aspect of medication but we are finding many cases wherein the erroneous information about the drug might create bad affects on the people and tend to extend many problems instead of reducing the ailment. The main reason for this, is lack of information about the drug to the patient and some being illiterate or mind belief on the drugs. So as to overcome this issue Pharma Image Information Extraction using Image Processing is a medication application which helps you to view the medicine based on the symptoms to which the medicine is to be used at anytime, anywhere through your phone. It helps you to get the information of the medicine by just sitting at your house and taking the picture of the medicine. This paper mainly focuses on extracting the text on the tablet strip and offer correct information about the tablet and vice versa which helps the illiterates not to get cheated with the dubious medicines mapping to the symptoms he/she is suffering with

REARRANGE BASED ON IDENTITY AND APPLICATION IN EMAIL IN THE CLOUD

Within a CIBPRE system, a trusted key generation center initializes the CIBPRE machine parameters and generates private keys for users. To securely share files to multiple recipients, a sender can secure the files by using the recipients' identities and file discussion conditions. If the sender later wishes to talk about some files related to a similar condition together with other receivers, the sender can delegate a tagged re-encrypted encryption key using the condition for the proxy, as well as the parameters to create the encryption secret of re-archiving. It is beyond the original recipients of these files. Conditional PREs, based on identity and transmission PREs, are suggested for flexible applications. CIBPRE allows a sender to secure a note to multiple receivers by indicating the identities of those receivers, and can also delegate a re-encryption encryption response to a proxy to convert the first encrypted text into a substitute for a different group of recipients. Recipients by CPRE, IPRE and BPRE, this document proposes a flexible primitive known as conditional emission based on PRE identity and formalizes its semantic security. In addition, the re-encryption encryption key can be connected with a condition so that only the corresponding encryption texts can be encrypted again, allowing the initial sender to enforce access control of their remote encryption texts in a very detailed. Finally, we show a credit card application on our CIBPRE to protect the cloud email system that is beneficial to existing secure email systems according to very good privacy protocol or file-based encryption identity

Deciphering the Arginine-Binding Preferences at the Substrate-Binding Groove of Ser/Thr Kinases by Computational Surface Mapping

Protein kinases are key signaling enzymes that catalyze the transfer of γ-phosphate from an ATP molecule to a phospho-accepting residue in the substrate. Unraveling the molecular features that govern the preference of kinases for particular residues flanking the phosphoacceptor is important for understanding kinase specificities toward their substrates and for designing substrate-like peptidic inhibitors. We applied ANCHORSmap, a new fragment-based computational approach for mapping amino acid side chains on protein surfaces, to predict and characterize the preference of kinases toward Arginine binding. We focus on positions P−2 and P−5, commonly occupied by Arginine (Arg) in substrates of basophilic Ser/Thr kinases. The method accurately identified all the P−2/P−5 Arg binding sites previously determined by X-ray crystallography and produced Arg preferences that corresponded to those experimentally found by peptide arrays. The predicted Arg-binding positions and their associated pockets were analyzed in terms of shape, physicochemical properties, amino acid composition, and in-silico mutagenesis, providing structural rationalization for previously unexplained trends in kinase preferences toward Arg moieties. This methodology sheds light on several kinases that were described in the literature as having non-trivial preferences for Arg, and provides some surprising departures from the prevailing views regarding residues that determine kinase specificity toward Arg. In particular, we found that the preference for a P−5 Arg is not necessarily governed by the 170/230 acidic pair, as was previously assumed, but by several different pairs of acidic residues, selected from positions 133, 169, and 230 (PKA numbering). The acidic residue at position 230 serves as a pivotal element in recognizing Arg from both the P−2 and P−5 positions

Co-Conserved Features Associated with cis Regulation of ErbB Tyrosine Kinases

BACKGROUND: The epidermal growth factor receptor kinases, or ErbB kinases, belong to a large sub-group of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which share a conserved catalytic core. The catalytic core of ErbB kinases have functionally diverged from other RTKs in that they are activated by a unique allosteric mechanism that involves specific interactions between the kinase core and the flanking Juxtamembrane (JM) and COOH-terminal tail (C-terminal tail). Although extensive studies on ErbB and related tyrosine kinases have provided important insights into the structural basis for ErbB kinase functional divergence, the sequence features that contribute to the unique regulation of ErbB kinases have not been systematically explored. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we use a Bayesian approach to identify the selective sequence constraints that most distinguish ErbB kinases from other receptor tyrosine kinases. We find that strong ErbB kinase-specific constraints are imposed on residues that tether the JM and C-terminal tail to key functional regions of the kinase core. A conserved RIxKExE motif in the JM-kinase linker region and a glutamine in the inter-lobe linker are identified as two of the most distinguishing features of the ErbB family. While the RIxKExE motif tethers the C-terminal tail to the N-lobe of the kinase domain, the glutamine tethers the C-terminal tail to hinge regions critical for inter-lobe movement. Comparison of the active and inactive crystal structures of ErbB kinases indicates that the identified residues are conformationally malleable and can potentially contribute to the cis regulation of the kinase core by the JM and C-terminal tail. ErbB3, and EGFR orthologs in sponges and parasitic worms, diverge from some of the canonical ErbB features, providing insights into sub-family and lineage-specific functional specialization. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our analysis pinpoints key residues for mutational analysis, and provides new clues to cancer mutations that alter the canonical modes of ErbB kinase regulation

Concerns about anti-angiogenic treatment in patients with glioblastoma multiforme

BACKGROUND: The relevance of angiogenesis inhibition in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) should be considered in the unique context of malignant brain tumours. Although patients benefit greatly from reduced cerebral oedema and intracranial pressure, this important clinical improvement on its own may not be considered as an anti-tumour effect. DISCUSSION: GBM can be roughly separated into an angiogenic component, and an invasive or migratory component. Although this latter component seems inert to anti-angiogenic therapy, it is of major importance for disease progression and survival. We reviewed all relevant literature. Published data support that clinical symptoms are tempered by anti-angiogenic treatment, but that tumour invasion continues. Unfortunately, current imaging modalities are affected by anti-angiogenic treatment too, making it even harder to define tumour margins. To illustrate this we present MRI, biopsy and autopsy specimens from bevacizumab-treated patients. Moreover, while treatment of other tumour types may be improved by combining chemotherapy with anti-angiogenic drugs, inhibiting angiogenesis in GBM may antagonise the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs by normalising the blood-brain barrier function. SUMMARY: Although angiogenesis inhibition is of considerable value for symptom reduction in GBM patients, lack of proof of a true anti-tumour effect raises concerns about the place of this type of therapy in the treatment of GBM

Whole genome identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine candidates by comprehensive data mining and bioinformatic analyses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</it>, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), infects ~8 million annually culminating in ~2 million deaths. Moreover, about one third of the population is latently infected, 10% of which develop disease during lifetime. Current approved prophylactic TB vaccines (BCG and derivatives thereof) are of variable efficiency in adult protection against pulmonary TB (0%–80%), and directed essentially against early phase infection.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A genome-scale dataset was constructed by analyzing published data of: (1) global gene expression studies under conditions which simulate intra-macrophage stress, dormancy, persistence and/or reactivation; (2) cellular and humoral immunity, and vaccine potential. This information was compiled along with revised annotation/bioinformatic characterization of selected gene products and <it>in silico </it>mapping of T-cell epitopes. Protocols for scoring, ranking and prioritization of the antigens were developed and applied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Cross-matching of literature and <it>in silico</it>-derived data, in conjunction with the prioritization scheme and biological rationale, allowed for selection of 189 putative vaccine candidates from the entire genome. Within the 189 set, the relative distribution of antigens in 3 functional categories differs significantly from their distribution in the whole genome, with reduction in the Conserved hypothetical category (due to improved annotation) and enrichment in Lipid and in Virulence categories. Other prominent representatives in the 189 set are the PE/PPE proteins; iron sequestration, nitroreductases and proteases, all within the Intermediary metabolism and respiration category; ESX secretion systems, resuscitation promoting factors and lipoproteins, all within the Cell wall category. Application of a ranking scheme based on qualitative and quantitative scores, resulted in a list of 45 best-scoring antigens, of which: 74% belong to the dormancy/reactivation/resuscitation classes; 30% belong to the Cell wall category; 13% are classical vaccine candidates; 9% are categorized Conserved hypotheticals, all potentially very potent T-cell antigens.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The comprehensive literature and <it>in silico</it>-based analyses allowed for the selection of a repertoire of 189 vaccine candidates, out of the whole-genome 3989 ORF products. This repertoire, which was ranked to generate a list of 45 top-hits antigens, is a platform for selection of genes covering all stages of <it>M. tuberculosis </it>infection, to be incorporated in rBCG or subunit-based vaccines.</p

Intelligent Beam Pattern Designing Scheme with Structured Shaping Methodology via Period Indexing

In a communication industry, lots of improvements and enhancements became common day-by-day; all of those communications are provided to receiving units via proper pattern and structured sharing methodologies. By means of reducing the amplitude deviations, the narrow-beams can be efficiently produced with-respect-to respective space focusing points. There are many beam shaping methodologies and shrinking principles available in the existing researches, but all are similar in certain cases such as: based on the line-oriented projections, linear sharing, Discrete-indexing and so on. This kind of issues is present in indexing procedures, especially when the quantity/size of the beam is huge. In this paper, a new approach is designed to attain efficient beam-shaping principles, which is called as Structured Shaping Methodology (SSM), which is used to convert the shrinked beams into the required beam-shapes. All the past approaches are depending on the linear-beam-sharing scheme with fixed indexing methodology as well as beam patterns are splitted anonymously. The Period Indexing methodology is presented in this paper to efficiently maintain the beam-pattern indexing as well as the SSM is highly effective to transform the beam into required shapes. From all our experimental results shows that our beam-pattern designing scheme such as: Structured Shaping Methodology with Period Indexing is intelligent and efficient to attain better results compare to the available schemes present into the past systems